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1930 :
GERMAN ELECTIONS :
Date : September 1930.
In the German elections
Hitler's Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National
Socialist German Workers' Party or Nazi Party) became the second
strongest party in the Reichstag.
The
Rise Of Nazism :
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1931 :
JAPAN OCCUPIES MANCHURIA :
Date : 1931.
The Russians had been expelled
after the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-1905 from the control of
Manchuria, and left a strong Japanese presence.
In 1931 Japan instigated
an incident at Mukden that led Japan to occupy the whole province
of Manchuria, which contained the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin
and Liaoning, as a prelude for Japanese expansion.
Japan then created the
puppet state of Manchukuo ruled by Henry P'u-i, the last Manchu
emperor who was overthrown in 1912.
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1932 :
GERMAN ELECTIONS :
Date : September 1932.
Hitler promises 'Work,
Freedom and Bread', and his Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische
Deutsche Arbeiterpartei / National Socialist German Workers' Party
or Nazi Party) wins 230 seats in the Reichstag and became the
strongest party.
The
Rise Of Nazism :
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JAPAN INVADES CHINA :
Date : 1932.
Japan takes aggressive
action against China. Japanese forces land at Shanghai.
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FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT :
Date : November 1932.
FDR wins the 1932 Presidential
election by the largest margin of any candidate since Ulysses
S. Grant, to become the new President of the United States of
America.
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1933 :
HITLER BECOMES CHANCELLOR :
Date : 30th January 1933.
Due to the 1932 elections
and the Nazi Party's strong position as largest party in the Reichstag,
President Hindenburg offers the chancellorship to Nazi Party leader
Adolf Hitler.
The
Rise Of Nazism : The
Nuremberg Rallies :
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THE REICHSTAG FIRE :
Date : 27th February 1933.
The German parliament building,
Reichstag, in Berlin was burnt down in mysterious circumstances.
Although a Dutch man, Marinus van der Lubbe, was arrested and
convicted of arson there is considerable suspicion that Hitler
and the Nazis were in fact behind incident.
The fire allowed the Nazis
to suspend many constitutional guarantees and declare a 'state
of emergency' within the country. These extra powers allowed the
Nazis to victimize other groups and opponents of the Nazis. The
'state of emergency' stayed in place up until the end of World
war II in 1945.
Arsonist or scapegoat,
Marinus van der Lubbe was executed for the Reichstag fire in 1934.
The
Rise Of Nazism : Enemies
Of The State :
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1934 :
'NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES' :
Date : 30th June 1934.
'Night Of The Knives' is
the name given to the Nazi purges. In one night in June 1934 Hitler's
SS bodyguards seized, arrested and executed opponents of Hitler's
Nazi Party, including leading members of the Nazi Party.
This act solidified Hitler's
position and power.
The
Rise Of Nazism : Enemies
Of The State :
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PRESIDENT HINDENBURG DIES :
Date : 2nd August 1934.
President Hindenburg dies
at the age of 87. His death create the opportunity for Adolf Hitler
to attain complete power and dominance over Germany.
Hitler moves quickly by
abolishing the office of President, which makes him leader and
calls himself 'Führer'. Hitler also takes command of the
German armed forces, then has all servicemen swear an oath of
personal loyalty to the 'Führer', and not to the German constitution.
The
Rise Of Nazism :
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JAPAN PREPARES FOR WAR :
Date : 1934.
During 1934 Japan begins
to rearm. Japan wants to expand to gain much needed raw materials,
and is prepared to take what it needs by military action. Rearmament
puts Japan onto a war footing.
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THE LONG MARCH :
Date : October 1934.
Chinese Communists embark
on 'The Long March' from Jiangxi and Fujian in the south to Yan'an
in the north, to escape being trapped by Guomindang (National
People's Party) forces, led by Chiang Kai-shek.
The March was over 6,000
miles, in which Mao Zedong emerged as the new communist leader
as a result of a power struggle with Chang Kuo T'ao.
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1935 :
HITLER REARMS :
Date : 1935.
Hitler reintroduces conscription
to the armed forces, and also starts to rearm ignoring
The Treaty Of Versailles, which was signed in 1919
after World War I to nullify further threats of aggressive acts
by Germany.
The
Rise Of Nazism : The
Nuremberg Rallies :
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ITALY INVADES ETHIOPIA :
Date : 1935.
Mussolini's desire to create
an Italian Empire is launched when Italian troops invade Ethiopia,
north Africa. The League of Nations fail to act, and the result
was Ethiopia losing its independence.
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'THE LONG MARCH' ENDS :
Date : October 1935.
The Chinese Communists
led by Mao Zedong end their 6,000 mile march and arrive at Yan'an,
in north west China.
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1936 :
GERMAN TROOPS MOVE INTO THE RHINELAND
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Date : 7th March 1936.
Hitler orders German troops
into the Rhineland unopposed, and regains lost pride and territories
annexed at the end of World War I by The
Treaty Of Versailles.
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AXIS PACT FORMED :
Date : 1936.
Hitler's Nazi Germany and
Mussolini's Italy formed an alliance in 1936. The Rome-Berlin
Axis formation was due to sanction and threats that resulted in
Italy's invasion of Ethiopia.
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ANTI-COMINTERN PACT :
Date : 25th November 1936.
Nazi Germany signs an Anti-Comintern
Pact with Japan.
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ITALY ANNEXES ETHIOPIA :
Date : 1936.
Following the Italian invasion
of Ethiopia in the previous year, it now annexes Ethiopia as part
of Mussolini's new empire.
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SPANISH CIVIL WAR ERUPTS :
Date : 1936.
Following the narrow success
of the the left-wing Republicans in the elections, right-wing
General Franco leads a military revolt against the new republican
government and plunges Spain into a civil war.
Franco's nationalistic
right-wing cause is supported by the Fascist states of Hitler's
Nazi Germany and Mussolini's Italy. The Republican government
received assistance from the Soviet Union.
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1937 :
NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN BECOMES BRITISH
PM :
Date : May 1937.
Conservative leader Stanley
Baldwin resigns as PM, and Neville Chamberlain becomes the new
British Prime Minister.
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JAPAN RENEWS CONFLICT WITH CHINA :
Date : November 1937.
A full scale conflict erupted
between Japan and China. Japan invaded mainland China. Although
communist forces led by Mao Zedong and nationalist forces under
Chiang Kai-shek became uneasy allies, they could not stop the
Japanese taking over most of north east China, and seizing Shanghai
and Nanjing.
This event is sometimes
seen as the spark to World War II.
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